A Two Column Example

The L ^A T _E X Team

2025-06-18

Abstract

An example document showing automatic tagging of typical structures found in a L ^A T _E X document, including titles, sections, theorems, lists, citation lists and mathematics. A two column layout is used, the tagging enables the reading order to correctly follow the flow of text through the columns.

ment just uses standard L ^A T _E X markup that would be used in any L ^A T _E X document since the 1980s.

Contents

1	Introduction	1
2	Document structures	1
2.1	Mathematics . . . . .	1
2.2	Lists . . . . .	1
2.3	Figures and Tables . . . . .	2
2.4	Theorems . . . . .	2
2.5	Verbatim . . . . .	2
3	Citations	2

1 Introduction

This document shows a typical two-column document incorporating tables, figures and mathematics.

Apart from two commands at the start to enable tagging, and a small amount of additional markup to give alternative texts for graphics inclusion, and to specify the heading rows of tables. ¹ The document

¹ The current tagging markup for tables is temporary and a new interface for tagging tables will be developed.

2 Document structures

2.1 Mathematics

Let $p$ be a prime, then

$n^p = n \pmod p$

An aligned set of equations:

$f(x) = \sin x + \cos x \quad f'(x) = \cos x - \sin x \quad (2.1)$

$g(x) = 2 \cos x \quad g'(x) = -2 \sin x \quad (2.2)$

Matrices.

$\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 3 & 7 \end{pmatrix}$

2.2 Lists

Lists often occur in documents.

• They may be unordered bullet lists
• Or may be numbered lists.
1. 1. lists may also be nested in an outer list
2. 2. items within such a list may be referenced.

Here we reference item 2.

Figure 1: A large letter 'A' centered on a gray square background with a diagonal crosshair pattern.

Figure 1: A large letter 'A' centered on a gray square background with a diagonal crosshair pattern.

Figure 1: Larger image set as a float

2.3 Figures and Tables

Small images may be shown inline small image icon and small tables may be shown within the paragraph:

Example
Name	Value
This	11
That	2

Marginal notes are usually placed in the outer margin.

Larger figures such as Figure 1 are usually placed in a float to be positioned at a suitable place to help with column and page breaking.

2.4 Theorems

Theorem 1 (Fermat's Last Theorem). If $n > 2$ , then there are no non-zero integers $a, b, c$ such that $a^n + b^n = c^n$ .

2.5 Verbatim

Some documents require verbatim code blocks to be displayed.

main( ) {
    printf("hello, world");
}

3 Citations

It is also possible to cite works from a $\text{bibTeX}$ database, here we cite [2] and [1] from the tugboat.bib sample file distributed with $\text{bibTeX}$ .

References

[1] Taco Hoekwater. $\text{LuaTeX}$ . TUGboat , 28(3):312–313, 2007.
[2] Don Knuth. Comments on quality in publishing. TUGboat , 5(1):67–67, May 1984.

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