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# A Two Column Example

The L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X Team

2025-06-18

# Abstract

An example document showing automatic tagging of typical structures found in a L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X document, including titles, sections, theorems, lists, citation lists and mathematics. A two column layout is used, the tagging enables the reading order to correctly follow the flow of text through the columns.

ment just uses standard L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X markup that would be used in any L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X document since the 1980s.

# Contents

|          |                              |          |
|----------|------------------------------|----------|
| <b>1</b> | <b>Introduction</b>          | <b>1</b> |
| <b>2</b> | <b>Document structures</b>   | <b>1</b> |
| 2.1      | Mathematics . . . . .        | 1        |
| 2.2      | Lists . . . . .              | 1        |
| 2.3      | Figures and Tables . . . . . | 2        |
| 2.4      | Theorems . . . . .           | 2        |
| 2.5      | Verbatim . . . . .           | 2        |
| <b>3</b> | <b>Citations</b>             | <b>2</b> |

# 1 Introduction

This document shows a typical two-column document incorporating tables, figures and mathematics.

Apart from two commands at the start to enable tagging, and a small amount of additional markup to give alternative texts for graphics inclusion, and to specify the heading rows of tables.<sup>1</sup> The document

<sup>1</sup>The current tagging markup for tables is temporary and a new interface for tagging tables will be developed.

# 2 Document structures

## 2.1 Mathematics

Let  $p$  be a prime, then

$$n^p = n \pmod{p}$$

An aligned set of equations:

$$f(x) = \sin x + \cos x \quad f'(x) = \cos x - \sin x \quad (2.1)$$

$$g(x) = 2 \cos x \quad g'(x) = -2 \sin x \quad (2.2)$$

Matrices.

$$\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 3 & 7 \end{pmatrix}$$

## 2.2 Lists

Lists often occur in documents.

- They may be unordered bullet lists
- Or may be numbered lists.
  1. lists may also be nested in an outer list
  2. items within such a list may be referenced.

Here we reference item 2.

{1}------------------------------------------------

![Figure 1: A large letter 'A' centered on a gray square background with a diagonal crosshair pattern.](61972112770d9c8fb00883057954f885_img.jpg)

Figure 1: A large letter 'A' centered on a gray square background with a diagonal crosshair pattern.

Figure 1: Larger image set as a *float*

## 2.3 Figures and Tables

Small images may be shown inline ![small image icon](339a16584d5da0f0a3ca4e9ec17bf6a1_img.jpg) and small tables may be shown within the paragraph:

| Example |       |
|---------|-------|
| Name    | Value |
| This    | 11    |
| That    | 2     |

Marginal notes are usually placed in the outer margin.

Larger figures such as Figure 1 are usually placed in a *float* to be positioned at a suitable place to help with column and page breaking.

## 2.4 Theorems

**Theorem 1** (Fermat's Last Theorem). *If  $n > 2$ , then there are no non-zero integers  $a, b, c$  such that  $a^n + b^n = c^n$ .*

## 2.5 Verbatim

Some documents require verbatim code blocks to be displayed.

```
main( ) {
    printf("hello, world");
}
```

# 3 Citations

It is also possible to cite works from a  $\text{bibTeX}$  database, here we cite [2] and [1] from the `tugboat.bib` sample file distributed with  $\text{bibTeX}$ .

# References

- [1] Taco Hoekwater.  $\text{LuaTeX}$ . *TUGboat*, 28(3):312–313, 2007.
- [2] Don Knuth. Comments on quality in publishing. *TUGboat*, 5(1):67–67, May 1984.